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guides:virtual_modem:script

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VModem

The script that fakes a Hayes compatible modem.

vmodem.sh

The main script. This script will simulate a modem by answering to standard Hayes commands. It will open the serial port for communication and execute the dialed number as a linux shell script, however you could probably use any execututable with minor modification. For example, if you issue the command ATD12345, the script will look for a file 12345.sh in the working directory and execute it and output contents to console.

This script can be run standalone, or with the accompanying T1.sh and ppp.sh scripts, which will enable point-to-point serial to ethernet connections.

vmodem.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
# --------------------------------
# VMODEM - Virtual Modem bootstrap
# --------------------------------
# Oliver Molini 2020
#
# Billy Stoughton II for bug fixes and contributions
#
# Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
# https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
 
# Tested working out of box with the following client configurations:
#
# o Standard VT100 terminal
# o HyperTerminal
# o PuTTY
#
# PPP connectivity will initialize correctly under the following configurations:
#
# o Microsoft Windows 3.1
#   - Trumpet Winsock
#
# o Microsoft Windows 95 OSR 2.5 + DUN 1.4
#   - Generic
#     - Standard 28800 bps Modem
#
# o Microsoft Windows 98
#   - Generic
#     - Standard 9 600 bps modem
#     - Standard 33 600 bps modem
#     - Standard 56 000 bps V90 modem
#     - Standard 56 000 bps X2 modem
#     - Standard 56 000 bps K56Flex modem
#
 
# Script version
vmodver=1.4.2
 
# CONFIGURATION
# -----------------------
# Variable: serport
# serport specifies which local serial device to use.
# For example, "ttyUSB0" will tell the script to use
# to use /dev/ttyUSB0 for communication.
# Common values: ttyUSB0 or ttyAMA0
#
serport=ttyUSB0
 
# Variable: baud
# baud will tell the script to open the serial port at
# specified symbol rate. When connecting, make sure
# your client computer uses the same baud than what
# has been specified here.
# Common baud rates: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600
#
# Default:
# baud=57600
#
#baud=9600
#baud=38400
baud=57600
 
# Variable: echoser
# echoser sets the default behaviour of echoing serial
# data back to the client terminal. The default is 1.
#
echoser=1
 
# Variable: resultverbose
# Controls default behavior when printing Hayes result
# codes. 
# When 0, prints result codes in numerical form. (eg. 0)
# When 1, prints result codes in english. (eg. CONNECT)
# Default is 1.
resultverbose=1
 
# Variable: TERM
# Tells the script and environment which type of terminal to emulate.
# It is only useful to change this, if you're using a serial 
# terminal to connect to this script. If you're connecting form a ANSI 
# cabable machine such as DOS, you may want to use TERM="ansi"
#
TERM="vt100"
 
# EXPORT SHELL VARS
# -----------------
export serport
export baud
export TERM
 
# FUNCTIONS
# ---------
#
 
#INITIALIZE SERIAL SETTINGS
ttyinit () {
  stty -F /dev/$serport $baud
  stty -F /dev/$serport sane
  stty -F /dev/$serport raw
  stty -F /dev/$serport -echo -icrnl clocal
}
 
# SEND MESSAGE ON SCREEN AND OVER SERIAL
sendtty () {
  echo -en "$1\n";
  echo -en "$1\x0d\x0a" >/dev/$serport
}
 
# Open serial port for use. Allocate file descriptor
# and treat the serial port as a file.
ttyinit
exec 99<>/dev/$serport
 
sendtty ""
sendtty "VMODEM - Virtual Modem bootstrap for PPP link v$vmodver"
sendtty "Connection speed set to $baud baud"
sendtty ""
sendtty "TYPE HELP FOR COMMANDS"
sendtty "READY."
 
# MAIN LOOP
while [ "$continue" != "1" ]; do
  charhex=`head -c 1 /dev/$serport | xxd -p -`
  char="`echo -e "\x$charhex"`"
 
  #ECHO SERIAL INPUT TO TTY
  echo -n "$char"
 
  #ECHO SERIAL INPUT
  if [ "$echoser" = "1" ]; then echo -n "$char" > /dev/$serport; fi
 
  #CHECK IF NEWLINE IS SENT
  if [ "$charhex" = "0d" -o "$charhex" = "0a" ]; then
    line=$buffer
    # PARSE COMMAND
    cmd=`echo -en $buffer | tr a-z A-Z`
    buffer=
    char=
 
    #NEWLINE SENT - ECHO NEWLINE TO CONSOLE
    if [ "$echoser" = "0" ]; then echo; fi
    if [ "$echoser" = "1" ]; then sendtty; fi
 
    #
    # --- HAYES EMULATION ---
    #
    if [[ $cmd == AT* ]]; then
      # ok, the client issued an AT command
      #
      # default to error result code, if command not recognized
      result=4
 
      if [[ $cmd == AT ]]; then result=0; fi
 
      # Get hayes string
      seq=`echo $cmd |cut -b3-`
      # ATA
      if [[ $seq == A ]]; then result=0; fi
 
      # ATH Go on-hook, hang up.
      if [[ $seq == H* ]]; then result=0; fi  # H0 Go on-hook (Hang up)
      if [[ $seq == H1* ]]; then result=0; fi # H1 Go off-hook
 
      # ATZ Reset modem
      if [[ $seq == Z* ]]; then echoser=1; resultverbose=1; result=0; fi      # Zn  Restore stored profile n
 
      # AT&F Restore factory settings
      if [[ $seq == *\&F* ]]; then echoser=1; resultverbose=1; result=0; fi   # &Fn Use profile n
 
      # ATE Command echo to host
      if [[ $seq == *E* ]]; then echoser=0; result=0; fi        # E0 Commands are not echoed
      if [[ $seq == *E1* ]]; then echoser=1; result=0; fi       # E1 Commands are echoed
 
      # ATV Result codes in numerical or verbose form
      if [[ $seq == *V* ]]; then resultverbose=0; result=0; fi  # V0 Returns the code in numerical form
      if [[ $seq == *V1* ]]; then resultverbose=1; result=0; fi # V1 Full-word result codes
 
      # ATM Speaker control
      if [[ $seq == *M* ]]; then result=0; fi                   # M0 Speaker always off
      if [[ $seq == *M1* ]]; then result=0; fi                  # M1 Speaker on until carrier detected
      if [[ $seq == *M2* ]]; then result=0; fi                  # M2 Speaker always on
      if [[ $seq == *M3* ]]; then result=0; fi                  # M3 Speaker on only while answering
 
      # AT&Cn Carrier-detect
      if [[ $seq == *\&C0* ]]; then result=0; fi
      if [[ $seq == *\&C1* ]]; then result=0; fi
 
      # AT&Dn Data Terminal Ready settings
      if [[ $seq == *\&D0* ]]; then result=0; fi                # Modem ignores DTR
      if [[ $seq == *\&D1* ]]; then result=0; fi                # Go to command mode on ON-to-OFF DTR transition.
      if [[ $seq == *\&D2* ]]; then result=0; fi                # Hang up on DTR-drop and go to command mode
      if [[ $seq == *\&D3* ]]; then result=0; fi                # Reset (ATZ) on DTR-drop. Modem hangs up.
 
      # AT&Sn DSR Override
      if [[ $seq == *\&S0* ]]; then result=0; fi # &S0 DSR will remain on at all times.
      if [[ $seq == *\&S1* ]]; then result=0; fi # &S1 DSR will become active after answer tone has been detected and inactive after the carrier has been lost
 
      # ATQn Result codes
      if [[ $seq == *Q0* ]]; then resultverbose=0; result=0; fi # Q0 Modem returns result codes
      if [[ $seq == *Q1* ]]; then resultverbose=2; result=0; fi # Q1 Quiet mode. Modem gives no result codes.
 
      # ATXn Extended result codes
      if [[ $seq == *X0* ]]; then resultverbose=1; result=0; fi     # X0 Disable extended result codes (Hayes Smartmodem 300 compatible result codes)
      if [[ $seq == *X1* ]]; then resultverbose=0; result=0; fi     # X1 Add connection speed to basic result codes (e.g. CONNECT 1200)
      if [[ $seq == *X2* ]]; then resultverbose=0; result=0; fi     # X2 Add dial tone detection (preventing blind dial, and sometimes preventing ATO)
      if [[ $seq == *X3* ]]; then resultverbose=0; result=0; fi     # X3 Add busy signal detection
      if [[ $seq == *X4* ]]; then resultverbose=0; result=0; fi     # X4 Add both busy signal and dial tone detection
 
      # ATD Dial number
      if [[ $cmd == ATD* ]]; then
        # Get number, if applicable
        number=`echo $seq |tr -dc '0-9'`
        if [ ! -z "$number" ]; then
          if [[ $resultverbose == 1 ]]; then sendtty "RINGING"; sleep 1; fi
          if [ -f "$number.sh" ]; then
            if [[ $resultverbose == 1 ]]; then sendtty "CONNECT $baud"; else sendtty "1"; fi
            # Close serial port
            exec 99>&-
            # Execute dialed script
            /sbin/getty -8 -L $serport $baud $TERM -n -l "./$number.sh"
            # Reset serial settings
            ttyinit
            # Reopen serial port
            exec 99<>/dev/$serport
            result=3
          else
            # Phone number is valid, but no internal script by that name exists
            result=3
          fi
        else
          # No number specified, return OK status code
          result=0
        fi
      fi
 
      #
      # --- PRINT RESULT CODE ---
      #
      if [[ $resultverbose == 0 ]]; then
        sendtty $result;
      elif [[ $resultverbose == 1 ]]; then
        if [[ $result == 0 ]]; then sendtty "OK"; fi
        if [[ $result == 1 ]]; then sendtty "CONNECT"; fi
        if [[ $result == 2 ]]; then sendtty "RING"; fi
        if [[ $result == 3 ]]; then sendtty "NO CARRIER"; fi
        if [[ $result == 4 ]]; then sendtty "ERROR"; fi
        if [[ $result == 5 ]]; then sendtty "CONNECT 1200"; fi
        if [[ $result == 6 ]]; then sendtty "NO DIALTONE"; fi
        if [[ $result == 7 ]]; then sendtty "BUSY"; fi
        if [[ $result == 8 ]]; then sendtty "NO ANSWER"; fi
      fi
    fi
 
    if [[ $cmd = HELP ]]; then
      sendtty "Command Reference for Virtual Modem Bootstrap v$vmodver"
      sendtty
      sendtty "AT......Tests modem link, prints OK if successful"
      sendtty "ATE0....Switch terminal echo off"
      sendtty "ATE1....Switch terminal echo on"
      sendtty "ATD?....Fork program ?.sh and output on terminal"
      sendtty "ATDT1...Open PPPD connection"
      sendtty "ATZ.....Reset modem settings"
      sendtty "HELP....Display command reference"
      sendtty "LOGIN...Fork a new linux login on serial"
      sendtty "EXIT....End this script"
      sendtty
      sendtty "To establish connection over PPP, dial 1 using tone dialing (ATDT1)"
      sendtty
      sendtty "READY."
    fi
 
    # LOGIN  -  FORK LOGIN SESSION
    if [[ $cmd == LOGIN ]]; then
      exec 99>&-
      /sbin/getty -8 -L ttyAMA0 $baud vt100
      ttyinit
      exec 99<>/dev/$serport
      sendtty; sendtty "READY."
    fi
 
    # EXIT  -  EXIT SCRIPT
    if [ "$cmd" = "EXIT" ]; then sendtty "OK"; continue="1"; fi
  fi
  buffer=$buffer$char
done
 
#Close serial port
exec 99>&-

1.sh

1.sh is a virtual phone number used to establish a PPP connection. 1.sh can be dialed by issuing they Hayes dial command “ATDT1” using vmodem.sh. 1.sh is only a redirect script and will actually just run ppp.sh which will initiate the actual PPP connection.

1.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
./ppp.sh

ppp.sh

This script will initiate a PPP session and will present a fake login shell, but will not wait around for user input. The fake login shell is in place for compatibility with Trumpet Winsock 3.0, as it by default expects one, so we're fooling it to make it think that it's logging on. It will then proceed when it receives the expected printouts. The built-in dial-up connection in Windows 95/98/Me by default do not expect a login prompt unless specifically told to do so.

When Trumpet Winsock is in PPP mode, by default it will expect the following output after dialing the ISP's number and establishing a connection:

  • A username prompt, matched by Trumpet with the text “sername:”
  • A password prompt, matched by Trumpet with the text “ssword:”
  • A command prompt, matched by Trumpet with the character “>”

This script has been tested with the default installation of Trumpet Winsock 3.0 revision D with PPP mode switched on. This script has also been tested with the default dial-up utility of Windows 95 and Windows 98 with PPP enabled.

I've added a parameter to send an LCP echo to the client to test if the connection is still up. If the connection has abruptly been closed, pppd will know this by not receiving an echo reply, and will exit and relinquish control back to the vmodem.sh script. The only reason the timeout is in there, is because it seems like Trumpet Winsock 3.0 doesn't know how to tell pppd to terminate a PPP session from within a PPP session, and it will just hang up the call. As a result, pppd daemon will be left running indefinitely and won't ever give control back to vmodem. This is obviously not preferred, so LCP echo is added to let pppd know when the link has been cut. If you can think of better ways to accomplish this check, feel free to send tips on how to improve the script.

ppp.sh
#!/bin/bash
# RUN PPPD DAEMON
#
# Oliver Molini 2019
# 
# Billy Stoughton II for bug fixes and contributions
#
# Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
# https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
#
# Note on PPPD settings:
# - Make sure the noauth option is set (instead of auth)
# - Make sure DNS servers are defined (add ms-dns 1.2.3.4 twice)
#
 
# Variable: etherp
# Specify the ethernet device to use to connect to your network.
# 
# Default:    etherp=eth0
etherp=eth0
 
# Variable: lcpidle
# Specifies the idle timeout period in seconds for lcp-echo-interval.
# This is to ensure that pppd will not run indefinitely after sudden
# hangup and will relinquish control back to the vmodem.sh.
#
# Default:    lcpidle=5
lcpidle=5
 
#
# Trumpet Winsock 3.0 revision D for Windows 3.1
# by default requires a fake login shell.
#
# Windows 95 and 98 will not care for a login shell
# unless specifically told to expect one.
#
printf "\n`uname -sn`****\n"
printf "\nUsername: "; sleep 1
printf "\nPassword: "; sleep 1
printf "\nStarting pppd..."
printf "\nPPP>"
# End of fake login prompt.
 
# Set the kernel to router mode
sysctl -q net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
 
# Share eth0 over ppp0
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $etherp -j MASQUERADE
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o $etherp -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i $etherp -o ppp0 -j ACCEPT
 
# Run PPP daemon and establish a link.
pppd noauth nodetach local lock lcp-echo-interval $lcpidle lcp-echo-failure 3 proxyarp ms-dns 8.8.4.4 ms-dns 8.8.8.8 10.0.100.1:10.0.100.2 /dev/$serport $baud
 
# Flush iptables
iptables -t filter -F FORWARD
iptables -t nat -F POSTROUTING
 
printf "\nPPP link terminated.\n"

2.sh

This example script demonstrates how easy it is to make simple dial-up services, such as BBS's. To call this script, from the serial console, type “ATD2”.

2.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
 
echo "Hello World Demo Box!"
echo "---------------------"
echo
echo "You have just successfully dialed this virtual box!"
echo
echo "Please enter your name: "
read username
echo
echo "Hello, $username!"
echo
echo "Thank you for visiting! Bye!"
sleep 2

3.sh

This example script allows VT100 compatible terminal access to the web by way of running lynx as soon as the number “3” is dialed with “ATD3”. It demonstrates how to add a Linux based web browser for simple terminals.

3.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
echo "Terminal type set to $TERM. Running Lynx ..."
lynx
guides/virtual_modem/script.1583385368.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020-03-05 05:16 by omolini